20世纪20~30年代的经济大危机之后,为了降低银行业风险世界上绝大多数国家普遍采取了利率管制措施,但由于长期的利率管制,存款流失和“金融脱媒”迹象日趋明显,各种弊端和矛盾不断暴露。从上个世纪70年代初开始,许多国家先后进行了利率市场化改革。从一些国家的实践经验来看,由于利率的形成机制发生了重大变动,对于经营资金和信用的商业银行来说,利率市场化对其盈利模式、业务范围、风险防范等方面都产生了重要 Following the economic crisis of the 1920s and 1930s, in order to reduce banking risks, most countries in the world have generally adopted interest rate control measures. However, due to long-term interest rate control, the loss of deposits and the signs of “financial disintermediation” have become increasingly evident , All kinds of malpractices and contradictions continue to be exposed. Since the early 1970s, many countries have successively conducted market-based interest rate reforms. From the experience of some countries, due to the significant changes in the formation mechanism of interest rates, marketization of interest rates has played an important role in its profit model, business scope and risk prevention for commercial banks that operate funds and credit.