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现代主义运动是作为一股叛逆的力量出现的。在法国,它反叛的对象是布尔乔亚,在英国,是维多利亚朝的绅士淑女,在美国,则是清教主义与物质主义。现代主义是从启蒙运动那里承袭来的某些智力质素的混合物:清晰、冷嘲、怀疑主义、智力上的好奇心,还有从浪漫派那里得来的强烈激情与高度敏感、他们对技术改革的反感与敏感,以及他们对自己生活在一个悲剧的时代的明确意识。最关键的一代,亦即调和、融合了这些对立因素的一代,是波德莱尔、福楼拜与陀思妥耶夫斯基(1821年生)这一代,是惠特曼、
The modernist movement emerged as an insurgent force. In France, the object of its rebellion is Bourgeois. In the United Kingdom, it is a gentleman’s lady in the Victorian government. In the United States, it is Puritanism and materialism. Modernism is a mixture of certain qualities of intelligence inherited from the Enlightenment: clarity, cynicism, skepticism, intellectual curiosity, intense passion and high sensitivity from the romantic community, their dependence on technology The disgust and sensitivity of the reforms, and their clear awareness of the time of their own tragedy. The most crucial generation, or reconciliation, a generation that incorporates these antagonistic factors is the generation of Baudelaire, Flaubert and Dostoyevsky (born 1821), Whitman,