论文部分内容阅读
在山西省10个地市60多个县市7333hm2菜田耕层土壤取样1086个,附近粮田耕层土壤取样1062个,分析测定了有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效硼、锰、钼、锌、铁、铜等养分含量。分析结果表明,菜田土壤与粮田土壤相比,土壤肥力有明显提高,有机质含量提高了0.33～1.82倍,全氮含量提高了3%～88%,碱解氮含量提高了0.29～1.07倍,速效磷含量提高了2.44～16.6倍,速效钾含量提高了1%～44%,老菜田速效钾含量有减少的趋势,减少了2%～25%,有效硼含量提高了29.6%～71.1%,而太原、大同、阳泉市、运城地区却减少了1.5%～53%,有效锰含量提高了10.3%～50.2%,有效钼含量提高0.45～2.5倍,有效锌含量提高了0.61～5.0倍,有效铁含量提高了0.20～2.27倍,有效铜含量提高了0.18～1.57倍。菜田土壤养分累积状况是:速效磷高度累积,有机质、碱解氮中度累积,全氮低度累积,速效钾累积不多,甚至出现减少趋势。有效锌高度累积,有效钼、铁、铜中度累积,有效硼、锰低度累积,甚至出现减少趋势。针对土壤养分的丰缺状况,指出当前蔬菜施肥存在的问题,并提出改进措施。
A total of 1086 soil samples were collected from 7333 hm2 vegetable fields in 60 cities and counties in 10 cities of Shanxi Province and 1062 soil samples were collected from paddy fields nearby. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, Effective boron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, iron, copper and other nutrient content. The results showed that the soil fertility of vegetable field soil was significantly increased compared with that of grain field soil, the content of organic matter increased by 0.33 ~ 1.82 times, the total nitrogen content increased by 3% ~ 88% and the content of alkaline hydrolysis increased by 0.29 ~ 1.07 times , Available phosphorus content increased 2.44 ~ 16.6 times, available potassium content increased 1% ~ 44%, old vegetable field available potassium content decreased, decreased by 2% ~ 25%, effective boron content increased by 29.6% ~ 71.1 %, While the areas of Taiyuan, Datong, Yangquan and Yuncheng decreased by 1.5-53%, the effective manganese content increased by 10.3% -50.2%, the effective molybdenum content increased by 0.45-2.5 times and the effective zinc content increased by 0.61-5.0 times , Effective iron content increased 0.20 ~ 2.27 times, effective copper content increased 0.18 ~ 1.57 times. The accumulation of soil nutrient in the vegetable field was: the accumulation of available phosphorus, the accumulation of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, the accumulation of low total nitrogen, and the accumulation of available potassium, or even a decreasing trend. Effective zinc height accumulation, effective molybdenum, iron, copper moderate accumulation of available boron, manganese low accumulation, or even reduce the trend. In view of the abundance and shortage of soil nutrients, the problems existing in vegetable fertilization are pointed out and the improvement measures are put forward.