直肠癌在我国呈上升趋势,在结直肠癌的统计中,直肠癌的发生率占结直肠癌总数的70%[1]。在这些病例中,中低位直肠癌也占较高的比例。特别是我国的直肠癌患者,进展期所占比例较高,术前的辅助治疗显得十分重要。美国NCCN公布的直肠癌治疗指南中明确规定了直肠癌术前辅助放化疗是可 Rectal cancer is on the rise in China. In colorectal cancer statistics, the incidence of rectal cancer accounts for 70% of the total number of colorectal cancer [1]. In these cases, low and middle rectal cancer also accounts for a high proportion. Especially in patients with rectal cancer in our country, the proportion of advanced stage is high. Preoperative adjuvant therapy is very important. United States NCCN published guidelines for the treatment of rectal cancer clearly stipulated that preoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy of rectal cancer is