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为综合评价大理州植烟土壤肥力状况,根据植烟面积采集9个红塔基地单元县具有代表性的基础土壤样品,以土壤p H、有机质、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾等10个指标建立肥力指标体系,结合相关性分析和模糊数学隶属度函数模型(Fuzzy)对各基地单元植烟土壤综合肥力进行评价。结果显示:(1)全州红塔基地主要植烟土壤p H、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量适宜,有机质含量丰富,交换性镁、水溶性氯含量整体偏高,交换性钙和有效硫含量远高于烤烟适宜生长范围上限,土壤有效硼则含量普遍不足;各区域土壤养分指标均存在中等程度的变异,其中,交换性钙、有效硫和水溶性氯变异范围较大;(2)全州土壤综合肥力指数为0.58,变幅为0.15~0.95,平均变异系数28.2%,土壤肥力状况良好,其中漾濞、南涧、永平和云龙4县土壤肥力达到Ⅰ级,巍山和弥渡为Ⅱ级,宾川和祥云为Ⅲ级,大理市为Ⅳ级(土壤IFI值仅为0.36),与聚类分析结果一致;(3)各县(市)土壤样本分布频率结果表明:宾川县和大理市的低肥力土壤存在比例较大,分别为34.1%和51.1%,其余县(市)土壤多集中在中高肥力等级。
In order to comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility status of tobacco planting in Dali Prefecture, 9 representative soil samples from Hongta base were collected based on the tobacco planting area. Soil samples were collected from 10 indicators including soil pH, organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium Fertility index system, combined with correlation analysis and fuzzy mathematics membership function model (Fuzzy) to evaluate the comprehensive fertility of tobacco planting base units. The results showed that: (1) p H, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter were abundant in the main tobacco-planting soil in Hongta Base in Quanzhou. The contents of exchangeable magnesium and water-soluble chlorine were generally high, and exchangeable calcium and available sulfur The content of soil available boron was generally low, and the content of soil available boron was much higher than the upper limit of suitable growth range of tobacco, while the content of soil available boron was generally inadequate. There was a moderate degree of variation of soil nutrient in each area. Among them, the range of exchangeable calcium, available sulfur and water- The soil fertility index of the whole country was 0.58, the amplitude ranged from 0.15 to 0.95, the average coefficient of variation was 28.2%, and the soil fertility was good. The soil fertility of the four counties in Yangbi, Nanjian, Yongping and Yunlong reached Grade Ⅰ, and Weishan and Midu were Ⅱ Binchuan and Xiangyun were Grade Ⅲ, and Dali was Grade Ⅳ (soil IFI was only 0.36), which was consistent with the results of cluster analysis. (3) The distribution frequency of soil samples in each county (city) showed that Binchuan County and Dali City, a relatively large proportion of low-fertility soils, respectively, 34.1% and 51.1%, the rest of the counties (cities) and more concentrated in soil fertility levels.