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本文追溯中国台湾的社会学和人类学从20世纪50年代末到21世纪早期的历史。根据有关英文学术文献,早期台湾人类学家的主要研究对象是台湾的原住民,而来自美国的人类学者所关注的则是汉人社会。中国台湾和美国的社会学家则又趋于享有共同的学术旨趣、课题,以及共同的研究对象,具有为政府提供信息、帮助解决问题的潜力。来自两个学科所形成的差异反映了二者不同的分析层面。但是,在另一方面,他们的研究折射出冲击台湾岛的经济和政治力量。最后,本文提出了一些建议:就具体和普遍意义而言,“过去”如何用于构建通向台湾社会学和人类学的未来之桥。
This article traces the history of sociology and anthropology in Taiwan from the late 1950s to the early 21st century. According to the relevant academic literature in English, the main research object of early Taiwanese anthropologists was Taiwanese aborigines, while anthropologists from the United States were concerned with Chinese society. Sociologists in Taiwan, China and the United States, for their part, tend to share common academic interests, topics and common research subjects, with the potential to provide information to the government and help solve problems. The differences between the two disciplines reflect the different levels of analysis of the two. However, on the other hand, their research reflects the economic and political forces that have hit the island of Taiwan. Finally, the paper presents some suggestions on how “past” was used to construct a bridge to the future of sociology and anthropology in Taiwan, both concrete and universal.