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子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis,EMs)是生育期女性常见疾患,其发病机制尚不清楚。目前主要理论认为,经血逆流内膜种植、体腔上皮因子协同作用、遗传免疫缺陷和血管生成在EMs发生中起重要作用。子宫内膜异位病灶发生发展时,不可避免要经受局部缺血、缺氧等微环境改变。综述缺氧与异位子宫内膜病灶的血管生成、细胞凋亡和免疫损伤的关系,以及雌激素在缺氧条件下对于异位内膜病灶的作用。从异位内膜病灶局部缺氧角度,分析传统中医药的活血化瘀或抑制血管生成对于EMs的治疗意义,为EMs药物治疗提供新思路。
Endometriosis (EMs) is a common disease in women of reproductive age, the pathogenesis of which is not yet clear. At present, the main theory holds that menstrual blood flow intimal planting, synergism of body cavity epithelial factor, genetic immune deficiency and angiogenesis play an important role in the occurrence of EMs. Endometriosis lesions occur, it is inevitable to suffer from ischemia, hypoxia and other microenvironmental changes. The relationship between hypoxia and angiogenesis, apoptosis and immune injury in ectopic endometrial lesions and the effect of estrogen on ectopic endometrial lesions under hypoxic conditions were reviewed. From the perspective of local hypoxia of ectopic endometrial lesions, it is of great significance to analyze the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine on promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis or inhibiting angiogenesis in EMs, and provide new ideas for the treatment of EMs.