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术后深静脉血栓形成(DVT)所致最主要和最严重的并发症是致命性肺栓塞。过去所谓“无症状的”肺栓塞病人,常在术后顺利恢复过程中或准备出院时突然死亡。直至目前这种情况尸检时仍非罕见。可促进DVT 发生的备种因素有:以往有静脉血栓栓塞史、血栓形成倾向、肥胖、恶性肿瘤、静脉曲张、创伤、下肢手术及长期不动等。一般说来,30分钟内的小手术及40岁以下的年轻病人,且无上述危险因素者,DVT率<10%;普外科、泌尿外科及妇科大手术病人,且年龄在40岁以上,同时又有上述危险因素存在时,DVT 率为10～40%;严重创伤、髋膝及下肢手术、癌肿病人作广泛盆腔或腹部手术或以往有血栓栓塞史或血栓形成倾向史,这次又作大手术的病人,DVT率高达40～80%,致命性肺栓塞率达1～10%。
Postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) caused by the most important and most serious complication of fatal pulmonary embolism. In the past, so-called “asymptomatic” pulmonary embolism patients often died suddenly during postoperative recovery or when they were ready to leave hospital. Until this time the autopsy is still rare. There are many kinds of factors that can promote the occurrence of DVT: past history of venous thromboembolism, thrombophilia, obesity, malignant tumors, varicose veins, trauma, lower limb surgery and long-term. In general, minor surgery within 30 minutes and young patients under the age of 40, without these risk factors, DVT rate <10%; general surgery, urology and gynecological surgery patients, and over the age of 40, at the same time DVT rate of 10 ~ 40% in the presence of the above risk factors; severe trauma, hip and knee surgery, extensive pelvic or abdominal surgery for cancer patients or history of previous thromboembolism or thrombosis, this time as Major surgery patients, DVT rate as high as 40 to 80%, fatal pulmonary embolism rate of 1 to 10%.