电力系统经常遭受到来自外部和内部的干扰，使得其运行参数发生或大或小的变化，通常称之为电力系统的反应。参数变化幅度，根据长期运行观察，既与干扰类型、大小和所施地点有关（外部因素），又与电力系统本身构成元件的参数（结构）和接线方式有关（内部因素）。电力系统不 Power systems often suffer from external and internal disturbances, causing large or small changes in their operating parameters, often referred to as reactions of the power system. The magnitude of the parameter variation, based on long-term operational observations, is related to the type of disturbance, its size and location (external factors) and to the parameters (structure) and wiring of the components of the power system itself (internal factors). Power system not