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中国自封建社会建立以来,农民作为地主阶级的对立面,就不断进行反抗和斗争。中国的农民革命斗争,其次数之多,规模之大都是世界农民斗争史上所少见的。但是,历史上中国农民革命斗争,却总是以轰轰烈烈开始,而以失败告终。是何原因造成农民革命的悲剧性结果呢?农民阶级不是新生产力的代表者,与落后的生产方式相联系,造成了农民落后、保守、散漫等阶级的局限性。这是农民革命终归失败的根本原因。马克思说:“人们用以生产自己必须的生活资料的方式,首先取决于他们得到的现成的和需要再生产的生活资料本身的特征。这种生产方式不仅应当从它是个人肉体存在再生产这方
Since the founding of China’s feudal society, peasants, as the antithesis of the landlord class, have constantly carried out resistance and struggle. The peasants’ revolutionary struggle in China is as rare as it is in the history of the peasant struggles in the world. However, historically, the peasant revolutionary struggle in China always started with a vigorous but unsuccessful conclusion. What causes the tragic result of the peasant revolution? The peasantry is not the representative of the new productive forces and is linked with the backward production methods, resulting in the limitations of the backward, conservative and loose peasants. This is the root cause of the failure of peasant revolution. Marx said: ”The ways in which people produce the necessities of their own life depend, first and foremost, on the characteristics of the ready-made and subsistence-dependent means of living which they receive, not only from the reproduction of the individual,