如何在学校教育(特别是课堂教学)中融入并发展学生的核心素养,成为当前中小学课程、教学改革发展的首要难题。其中的难点集中表现在改革指导思想的延续性与继承性、差异性与发展性,核心素养在教科书之中具体呈现的隐蔽性与拓展性,教学目标中素养目标的模糊性与延续性,以及学生评价指标的内隐性与动态性等诸多方面。在这些充满不确定性的环境中,如何培养明确具体的学生素养、实施确定的 How to integrate and develop the core qualities of students in school education (especially in classroom teaching) has become the primary challenge in current primary and middle school curriculum and teaching reform and development. The difficulties are concentrated on the continuance and inheritance, differences and development of the guiding ideology, the concealment and expansibility of the core literacy in the textbooks, the fuzziness and continuity of the literacy goals in the teaching objectives, and Student evaluation indicators of the implicit and dynamic and many other aspects. In these uncertain environment, how to cultivate a clear and specific student accomplishment, the implementation of certain