新生儿期是人类生命最脆弱的时期 ,其发病率和死亡率远高于生命的任何阶段。新生儿保健的目的就是要保障新生儿身心健康发育 ,预防疾病 ,降低死亡率。ＷＨＯ和各国对此都高度重视 ,本文仅将近年来若干主要进展简介如下。1　近年新生儿和婴儿死亡率下降情况新生儿死亡率 (ＮＭＲ Neonatal period is the most vulnerable period of human life, its morbidity and mortality is much higher than any stage of life. The purpose of neonatal care is to protect the physical and mental health of newborns, prevent disease and reduce mortality. WHO and all countries attach great importance to this. In this paper, only a few major advances in recent years are summarized as follows. 1 Neonatal and Infant Mortality in Recent Years Neonatal Mortality (NMR