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电动汽车是一种依靠蓄电池作为能量源的新能源汽车,电动汽车规模的扩大将造成巨大的充电设施配建缺口.充电设施建设的有效性和合理性会直接影响用户充电的便利性和经济性,以及电网的安全运行.本文首先介绍了充电设施的三种类型:充电桩、充电站和换电站,并根据充电设施规划方法的不同,阐述了目前国内外对确定充电需求点方法的研究现状,发现目前选址方法提取出的充电需求点的空间分布与实际情况存在一定的偏差.然后,对充电设施优化布局的模型建立和求解算法进行了综述,目前研究的约束条件多与电网侧容量、电压、充电点数量以及服务范围等相关,对于充电设施优化模型的求解算法多以遗传算法和粒子群算法为主.最后,总结了充电设施优化布局的相关方法与发展趋势,并对电动汽车充电设施建设提出了一些建议.“,”Electric vehicle is a kind of new energy vehicle which uses batteries as energy supply unit. A huge gap in charging infrastructures will be created by the expansion of electric vehicles. The effectiveness and rationality of charging facilities will directly affect the convenience and economy of the users, as well as the safe operation of the power grid. Three types of charging facilities: charging pile, charging station and battery swap station are introduced in this paper. According to the different methods of charging infrastructure planning, the research status of the method of determining charging demand points is expounded. And the spatial distribution of charging demand points extracted by the current site selection method has a certain deviation. Then the models and algorithms of charging infrastructure optimized layout are reviewed. Currently, many researches focus on three categories optimization objectives: benefit of power company side, investment cost of charging facility and user side cost, and the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization are the main solving algorithms. Finally, the relative methods and development trend of the charging infrastructures optimized layout are summarized, and some suggestions on the optimized layout of electric vehicle charging infrastructures are given forward.