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20世纪50年代,苏联民法范式全面植入中国法,从而使中国民事立法、民法理论和民事法律制度走上了全面移植苏联法之路。但正如立法和法律与作为其基础的政治、经济、社会、文化等处于互动状态一样,中国民事主体制度对苏联法的移植也是建立在一定的内生与外生基础之上的。应该说,与中国传统法在废与立传承上的断裂迫使中国民事主体制度走上法律移植之路,而政治信仰与法律观的高度趋同、计划经济的体制同构、市民社会的基础缺失以及专制主义的文化同质等因素,则共同促成了中国民事主体制度对苏联法的全面移植。但是,在历史基础已然改变的情势下,我国现行民事主体制度中仍然残留的诸多苏联法痕迹却是值得我们深思的。
In the 1950s, the Soviet civil law paradigm was fully implanted into the Chinese law, so that China’s civil legislation, civil law theory and civil legal system embarked on the road to the full transplanting of Soviet law. However, just as the legislation and the law are in the state of interaction with politics, economy, society and culture as its foundation, the transplantation of the Soviet civil law by China’s civil subject system is also based on a certain endogenous and exogenous basis. It should be said that the break with China’s traditional law on the issue of abolishment and transmission forced the Chinese civil subject system to embark on the road of legal transplantation. The high degree of convergence between political belief and legal concept, the same institutional structure of planned economy, the lack of foundation for civil society, The cultural homogeneity of despotism and other factors contributed to the all-round transplantation of the Soviet law by China’s civil subject system. However, under the circumstances that the historical foundation has already changed, many traces of the Soviet law still remaining in the existing system of civil subject in our country deserve our deep consideration.