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为合理施用化肥和改善农业生态环境提供依据 ,于 1 999年调查了湖南省 1 0个县 (市 )高产稻区水稻产量和施肥情况 ,采集几种典型高产稻田 (红黄泥田、潮沙泥田和紫泥田 )耕层土样、田面水样以及受田面水影响的附近田外水样 ,分析了土样碱解氮和有效磷以及水样中的氮和磷的含量 .结果表明 :目前湖南稻田施肥以施用单质化肥为主 ,复合肥施用比例过小 .化肥施用相对较多的地区氮、磷地表流失明显 ,田面水与田外水之间氮、磷含量的相关系数分别为 0 .80 2和 0 .80 6 ,均达极显著水平 ;氮肥施用量与田面水中氮含量之间相关系数为 0 .799,亦达极显著水平 .参照水体富营养化氮、磷质量浓度临界值指标 ,稻田附近水体氮增加或磷增加或氮、磷同时增加造成水体趋向富营养化的百分率分别达 6 4% ,6 8%和 38% .认为推广平衡施肥技术 ,改善耕作制度 ,加强水肥管理 ,采用生物抑制剂等措施是减少化肥流失的实用途径 .
In order to provide the basis for the rational application of fertilizers and the improvement of agro-ecological environment, the yield and fertilization of rice in 10 high-yielding rice areas in Hunan Province in 1999 were investigated. Several typical high-yielding rice fields (red-yellow muddy fields, And purple soil field) topsoil, surface water samples and field water samples near field surface water, the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil samples and nitrogen and phosphorus in soil samples were analyzed.The results showed that: Fertilizer application in paddy field was dominated by simple chemical fertilizer, and the proportion of compound fertilizer was too small. The surface water loss of nitrogen and phosphorus was obvious in areas with relatively high levels of chemical fertilizers, and the correlation coefficients were 0.802 And 0 .80 6, respectively, reaching a significant level. The correlation coefficient between nitrogen application rate and nitrogen in surface water was 0.779, which reached the extremely significant level.With reference to the threshold value of eutrophication nitrogen and phosphorus concentration, In the vicinity of the increase of nitrogen or phosphorus, or the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus, the percentage of water body tends to eutrophication was respectively 6.4%, 68% and 38% .It is considered that popularizing balanced fertilization technology, improving farming system, strengthening water and fertilizer management, With measures such as biological inhibitors are practical ways to reduce the loss of fertilizer.