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水电是清洁的可再生能源,可以起到改善生态、保护环境的有效作用。水力发电是利用江河源远流长的流量和落差形成的势能发电,将水能资源直接转换成电力的物理过程,它既不消耗和污染水,也不排放有害气体和固体废物,是清洁的能源。地球上水周而复始、循环往复运动着,因此,水资源也是可再生的能源。目前,全世界各国都优先开发水能资源。据统计,世界上有24个国家依靠水力发电提供国内90%的电力,中国当前的水电装机容量约占全国电力的24%,年发电量占14．8%。由于水电开发会使河流流态发生改变,进而会对自然环境产生影响。为此,水电项目开发过程必需按照科学合理规划、优化认真设计、安全保质建设、完善监测评估等程序来实施。
Hydropower is a clean and renewable energy that can play an effective role in improving ecology and protecting the environment. Hydroelectric power generation is a physical process that uses potential energy generated by long-term flow and drop of rivers to directly convert water energy resources into electricity. It does not consume and pollute water, emit harmful gases and solid waste, and is a clean energy source. Water cycle back and forth, the cycle of reciprocating movement, therefore, water is also a renewable energy. At present, all countries in the world give priority to the development of hydropower resources. According to statistics, 24 countries in the world rely on hydroelectric power to provide 90% of the domestic electricity. Currently, China’s hydropower installed capacity accounts for about 24% of the national electricity generation and annual power generation accounts for 14.8%. As the development of hydropower will make the river flow changes, which will have an impact on the natural environment. To this end, the hydropower project development process must be in accordance with scientific and rational planning, optimization and careful design, construction of safety and quality, improve monitoring and evaluation procedures to implement.