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目的通过分析2011—2013年杭州市主要食品中镉污染水平及居民膳食消费量,评估杭州市居民镉暴露的安全性。方法对各类食品中镉含量进行检测,并结合2010年杭州市居民膳食营养调查中各类食物消费量数据,获得杭州市居民膳食中镉的实际摄入量,对居民由膳食摄入的镉进行安全性评估。结果 10大类食品1 010份食品样品中镉的总检出率为73.76%(745/1 010),总超标率为5.12%(41/801)。大米、小麦及猪内脏均检出镉,检出率为100%,乳制品检出率最低(29.03%,27/93),超标食品主要是大米、水产品、猪肾、蛋类、蔬菜及食用菌。按照食品消费量的均值估算,杭州市居民每月10大类主要食品的镉暴露量为22.61μg/kg BW,未超过每月耐受摄入量(PTMI)为25μg/kg BW,镉的安全限值MOS=1.11。贡献率最大的3类食品分别为大米(64.16%)、蔬菜(15.28%)及水产品(14.48%)。结论杭州市主要食品对居民膳食镉的平均贡献水平未超过PTMI值,MOS>1,居民膳食镉暴露水平总体上安全,由于杭州市居民大米的消费量较大且大米对居民膳食镉贡献率最高,监管部门应对大米的镉污染问题予以重视。
Objective To evaluate the safety of cadmium exposure in Hangzhou residents by analyzing the levels of cadmium pollution and consumption of residents in Hangzhou from 2011 to 2013. Methods The detection of cadmium in all kinds of foodstuffs, combined with the data of various kinds of food consumption in the survey of dietary nutrition of Hangzhou residents in 2010, obtained the actual intake of cadmium in the diet of Hangzhou residents, Conduct a safety assessment. Results The total detection rate of cadmium in 1 010 food samples of the 10 major categories was 73.76% (745/1 010), with a total exceeding standard rate of 5.12% (41/801). Cadmium was detected in rice, wheat and pig offal, the detection rate was 100%, the detection rate of dairy products was the lowest (29.03%, 27/93). The over-standard foods mainly consisted of rice, aquatic products, kidney, eggs, vegetables and Edible mushrooms. According to the average of food consumption estimates, the monthly exposure to cadmium in the 10 major categories of Hangzhou residents was 22.61 μg / kg BW and did not exceed 25 μg / kg BW per month. The safety of cadmium Limit MOS = 1.11. The three categories with the largest contribution rates were rice (64.16%), vegetables (15.28%) and aquatic products (14.48%) respectively. Conclusion The average level of dietary cadmium in Hangzhou residents did not exceed the PTMI value. MOS> 1. The overall level of dietary cadmium exposure was generally safe. As the consumption of rice by residents in Hangzhou was large and the contribution of rice to the dietary cadmium of residents was the highest Regulatory authorities should pay attention to the issue of rice cadmium pollution.