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以省级政府为研究单元,以纵向和横向转移支付政策为主导的两类转移支付政策环境治理效果为主要指标,利用空间计量模型,对我国2007—2014年黄河流域沿线7个省份环境治理状况进行计量分析,评价不同转移支付政策对黄河流域环境治理的效果。结果表明:1转移支付政策将会显著影响省级政府对环境治理的效果,纵向转移支有助于增加黄河流域的财政投入;横向转移支付对环境规制强度有明显的提升作用。2黄河流域省份产业选择和财政支出行为将直接影响环境治理的效果。高污染行业比重过大与地方环境治理财政能力不足都会限制转移支付政策的实施效果。3省级政府环境治理程度与毗邻省市的环境治理程度呈负相关关系,这种竞争关系最终影响黄河流域环境治理效果。根据本文的研究,提出了三个针对性的政策建议:第一,将纵向转移支付和横向转移支付两种方式融合,配套环境指标考核机制,实现对黄河流域环境治理整体性推动;第二,通过产业升级,转变对高污染—高产出企业的经济依赖;第三,均衡各地方政府之间的利益关系,保障毗邻政府双方更好地参与并共同协作保护环境资源。
Taking the provincial government as the research unit and the environmental governance effects of the two types of transfer payment policies dominated by the vertical and horizontal transfer payment policies as the main indicators, the environmental governance status of seven provinces along the Yellow River Basin in China from 2007 to 2014 Conduct econometric analysis to evaluate the effect of different transfer payment policies on environmental governance in the Yellow River Basin. The results show that: 1 The transfer payment policy will significantly affect the effect of provincial governments on environmental governance. The vertical transfer of branches will help increase the financial input in the Yellow River Basin. The horizontal transfer payment will obviously enhance the intensity of environmental regulation. 2 The industrial choices and financial expenditures of the provinces in the Yellow River Basin will directly affect the effect of environmental governance. Excessive proportion of high-polluting industries and inadequate financial capacity of local environmental governance will limit the effectiveness of the transfer payment policy. The degree of environmental governance of three provincial governments is negatively correlated with the degree of environmental governance in the neighboring provinces and municipalities. Such competition ultimately affects the environmental governance in the Yellow River Basin. According to the research in this paper, three targeted policy suggestions are put forward: First, the two methods of vertical transfer payment and horizontal transfer payment are combined to support the assessment of environmental indicators so as to promote the overall improvement of environmental governance in the Yellow River Basin; secondly, Through industrial upgrading, changing the economic dependence on high-pollution and high-output enterprises; thirdly, balancing the interests among local governments and ensuring better participation and joint efforts by neighboring governments to protect environmental resources.