公平是基本养老保障制度的灵魂。然而我国养老保障制度显失公平:个人账户“空账运行”难保代际公平;男女职工退休年龄差异惹争议;机关事业与企业职工待遇不公;城乡差距大;统筹层次低。我国养老制度发展60余年取得巨大成就但对其研究仍不成熟,改革困难重重,亟需在纳入公民参与设计与抉择的基础上进一步发展和完善。 Fairness is the soul of the basic old-age security system. However, the old-age security system in our country is obviously unfair: Individual accounts “Empty-account operation ” can hardly guarantee intergenerational fairness; differences in age of retirement of men and women have provoked controversy; organs and enterprises have suffered unfair treatment; the gap between urban and rural areas has been large; China has made great achievements in the development of the pension system for more than 60 years but its research is still immature. The reform is so difficult that it urgently needs to be further developed and improved on the basis of incorporating citizen participation in design and decision-making.