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据不完全统计,敦煌文献中至少有23件文书涉及鸟形图案签署和画押的痕迹,除去3件是杂写鸟形押外,其他20件出现于公元10世纪的官方档案、行政文书和书信当中,是反映曹氏归义军政治、经济、民族、外交等方面若干细节的重要信息。鸟形押的作用和意义并不限于节度使签名的一种形象图案,很大程度上它是曹氏家族统治敦煌的一种强化手段,也是曹氏归义军政权的一种标志性符号。鸟形押的使用,有可能与敦煌地区流行的飞鸟意象及鸟占卜有关,也有可能是曹氏撰写的一种鸟书书法形式。
According to incomplete statistics, there are at least 23 instruments in the Dunhuang literature that deal with the signatures and detention of bird-shaped patterns. Except that three are miscellaneous bird forms, the other 20 official archives, administrative documents and correspondences appeared in the 10th century AD Among them, it is an important piece of information that reflects the details of the political, economic, ethnic, diplomatic and other aspects of Caesar’s return to the army. The role and significance of bird custody is not limited to an image designed by Jidu to sign it. To a large extent, it is an enhanced means of the rule of the Tsang family in Dunhuang and is also an iconic symbol of the regime of Cao Gui Yi Jun. The use of bird-shaped custody may be related to the bird images and bird divination prevailing in Dunhuang, or it may be a bird-calligraphic form written by Cao.