微生物是生物圈的三大成员之一 ,也是土壤圈、水圈的活跃成员。微生物在有机质的矿化、腐殖质的形成和分解、植物营养的转化等诸多过程中起着不可替代的作用。尽管微生物本身仅占土壤有机质的很小部分 ,但它是活着的有机体和物质转化的作用者[1] ,并且它的转化周期比一般有机质 Microbes are one of the three members of the biosphere and an active member of the soil ring and hydrosphere. Microbes play an irreplaceable role in mineralization of organic matter, formation and decomposition of humus, transformation of plant nutrition and many other processes. Although the microorganism itself accounts for only a very small part of the soil organic matter, it is a living organism and a substance conversion effector [1], and it has a longer period of conversion than the general organic matter