多发性骨髓瘤(Multiple Myloma简称MM是骨髓内浆细胞异常增生的一种恶性肿瘤。发病年龄多在50～70岁之间,个别病例亦可小于20岁,根据血中异常免疫球蛋白(Ig)的不同,可将MM分为IgG,IgA,IgM及IgD,IgE等几型。在MM治疗过程中,出现急性白血病,有人在476例MM治疗的9年中观察到11例发展成急粒,认为与长期用烷化剂使染色体损害有关。 Ossgood在1950年统计文献上600例骨髓瘤病人,自诊断时起的中数生存期约为7个月。自从用苯丙氨酸氮芥或环磷酰胺治疗后,中数生存期延长约20个月。疗效评价是根据某些客观指标,分为二组,第一,直接的表现:(1)浆细胞瘤体缩小50%或以上;(2)血清和(或)尿的骨髓瘤蛋白减少>50%;(3)破坏了的骨骼重新钙化。第二、间接的表现:(1)血红蛋白(升至2g%以上)或红细胞压积 Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant tumor of bone marrow with abnormal proliferation of plasma cells, the age of onset is more than 50 to 70 years old, individual cases can be less than 20 years old, according to the abnormal blood immunoglobulin (Ig ), MM can be divided into IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD, IgE and other types in the treatment of MM, the emergence of acute leukemia, it was observed in 476 MM treatment of 9 years, 11 patients developed into acute particles , And long-term use of alkylating agents to cause chromosomal damage Ossgood statistics in the literature in 1950, 600 cases of myeloma patients, since the median diagnosis since the median survival of about 7 months since the use of melphalan or Cyclophosphamide treatment, median survival increased by about 20 months.Efficacy evaluation is based on some objective indicators, divided into two groups, the first, direct performance: (1) plasma cell tumor reduced by 50% or more; (2) reduction of serum and / or urinary myeloma protein by> 50%, (3) disrupted bone recalcification, and second, indirect manifestations of (1) hemoglobin up to 2 g% or hematocrit