对当前的磁、光存储技术及基于扫描探针显微镜（SPM）的超高密度存储技术进行了介绍,并对它们各自的存储机理及发展前景进行了分析比较。磁、光存储技术将追求更小的信息位尺度,面临接近其原理上的超顺磁效应限制和光的衍射极限的限制。SPM具有原子级分辨及纳米加工能力,被广泛应用于信息的存储机理研究及存储器件的设计,成为超高密度信息存储的研究热点。 The current magnetic and optical storage technologies and ultra-high density memory technology based on the scanning probe microscope (SPM) are introduced, and their storage mechanisms and development prospects are analyzed and compared. Magneto-optical storage technology will pursue a smaller bit size of information and will be confronted with the limitations of its principle of superparamagnetic effects and the diffraction limit of light. SPM has atomic resolution and nanofabrication capability and is widely used in information storage mechanism research and memory device design. It has become a research focus of ultra-high density information storage.