目的　探明小儿上消化道出血的病因。方法　对 10 0例上消化道出血患儿进行纤维胃镜检查。结果发现病变者 93例 (93% )。以十二指肠球部溃疡最多见 ,有 33例 (33% ) ;其次为重度浅表性胃炎 19例 (19% ) ;其它依次为十二指肠球炎伴胃炎 11例 (11% ) ;食管炎 9例 (9% )和胃溃疡 8例 (8% ) ;检测幽门螺杆菌 (HP)阳性 6 0例 (6 0 % )。结论　小儿上消化道出血好发于学龄期儿童 ,以十二指肠球部溃疡所致出血最多见 ,且与HP感染密切相关。 Objective To explore the cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children. Methods 100 cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children with gastroscopy. The results showed that 93 cases of lesions (93%). The most common type of duodenal ulcer was 33 cases (33%), followed by 19 cases (19%) with superficial superficial gastritis, followed by 11 cases (11%) with duodenal inflammation and gastritis ; Esophagitis in 9 cases (9%) and gastric ulcer in 8 cases (8%); detection of Helicobacter pylori (HP) 60 cases (60%). Conclusions The upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children occurs in school-age children. The bleeding caused by duodenal ulcer is the most common and closely related to HP infection.