低钠血症是临床最常见的电解质紊乱,并增加患者病死率。而抗利尿激素不适当综合征(SIADH)是临床表现低钠血症的主要原因之一,其基础病因复杂且多样化,临床表现与低钠血症的程度和病程明显相关。因此,及早识别和正确诊断该病可减少误诊并降低病死率。临床上需要对该部分患者予以及时准确的诊断并制定个体化的治疗方案,而抗利尿激素受体拮抗剂在该类疾病的治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。 Hyponatremia is the most common clinical electrolyte disorder, and increase patient mortality. The syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone syndrome (SIADH) is one of the main clinical manifestations of hyponatremia, the underlying causes of complex and diverse, clinical manifestations and the degree of hyponatremia and course of disease was significantly correlated. Therefore, early identification and correct diagnosis of the disease can reduce misdiagnosis and reduce mortality. Clinically, some patients need to be promptly and accurately diagnosed and developed individualized treatment programs, and antidiuretic hormone receptor antagonists in the treatment of such diseases has broad application prospects.