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根据机车柴油机生态指标的分析结果，作者认为：1）铁路运输生态问题具有严重的局部特征，最快的解决办法是水阻试验站装上NOx清除设备并对运用中的机车进行改造；2）通过改变柴油机的调节和安装氧化中和器能使排放量降低25％～30％；3）如想彻底降低机车有害排放，则需对柴油机作根本性改造，但制造成本和运用费用随之提高；4）采用气体燃料发动机能大大改善其生态指标，但需要很大的基本投资。
According to the analysis results of ecological indicators of locomotive diesel engines, the author thinks: 1) The ecological problems of railway transport have serious local characteristics. The quickest solution is to equip the water resistance test stations with NOx removal equipment and to rebuild locomotives in operation; 2) By changing the diesel engine regulation and installation of oxidation neutralizer can reduce emissions by 25% to 30%; 3) If you want to completely reduce the locomotive harmful emissions, you need to make fundamental changes to the diesel engine, but the manufacturing costs and operating costs increase ; 4) The use of gas-fired engines can greatly improve their ecological indicators but require substantial capital investment.