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【目的】探讨亲本对黄淮麦区小麦新品种周麦23号的遗传贡献和周麦23号的遗传构成并筛选出其特异引物,用于检测周麦23号的品种真实性。【方法】利用覆盖小麦21条染色体的340个SSR标记对周麦23号及其亲本周麦13号、新麦9号进行简单重复序列(SSR)标记分析,解析亲本的遗传物质在周麦23号中传递频率和遗传贡献率。同时可以筛选到若干个周麦23号不同于任一亲本的引物,利用周麦23号的姊妹系、衍生品种对这些特异标记进行二次筛选,最终选择1-2个周麦23号的特异引物,并利用黄淮麦区的主推品种周麦22号、济麦22、矮抗58、郑麦366等14份材料对最终筛选的特异引物进行验证。【结果】双亲周麦13号和新麦9号对周麦23号的遗传贡献差异较大,周麦13号对周麦23号的遗传贡献率为63.04%,远高于新麦9号对周麦23号的遗传贡献率(36.96%)。双亲遗传物质在周麦23号的选育过程中发生了偏分离现象。在不同基因组和染色体水平上,亲本对周麦23号的遗传贡献率变化较大,母本周麦13号对周麦23号的遗传贡献率范围分别在23.1%(1B)—100%(4A、6A、3B、4B、6B、4D);父本新麦9号对周麦23号的遗传贡献率范围在0(4A、6A、3B、4B、6B、4D)—76.9%(1B)。从147个多态性标记中鉴定出周麦23号的7个特异位点,即Xwmc344、Xbarc84、Xwmc326、Xwmc468、Xwmc479、Xgwm428和Xcwm65。通过二次筛选得到1个周麦23号的特异引物Xcwm65,可用于鉴定周麦23号与黄淮麦区小麦品种的特异性,同时可以用于区分周麦23号的部分姊妹系(除A4、A5和A6以外)及其大部分衍生品种(除B7、B8和B12以外)。【结论】明确了2个亲本对周麦23号的遗传贡献率,掌握了周麦23号的遗传构成并绘制了基因型图,同时筛选出1个周麦23号的特异引物Xcwm65,可用于鉴定周麦23号的真实性。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic contribution of Parents to the wheat cultivar Zhoumai 23 in Huanghuai wheat region and the genetic constitution of the wheat variety Zhoumai 23 and to screen out the specific primers for detecting the authenticity of the cultivar Zhoumai 23. 【Method】 The SSR markers of Zhoumai 23 and its parents Zhoumai 13 and Xinmai 9 were analyzed by SSR markers covering 21 chromosomes of wheat. SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic material of the parents in Zhoumai 23 in the frequency of transmission and genetic contribution rate. At the same time, we can select several primers of Zhoumai 23 different from any of the parents, and use the sister lines and derivative varieties of Zhoumai 23 to screen these specific markers for the second time. The primers were screened and the specific primers finally screened were identified by using 14 materials, such as Zhoumai 22, Jimai 22, Aikang 58 and Zhengmai 366, which were the main push varieties in Huanghuai wheat area. 【Result】 The results showed that parents Zhoumai 13 and Xinmai 9 differed greatly in their genetic contribution to Zhoumai 23, and the genetic contribution of Zhoumai 13 to Zhoumai 23 was 63.04%, much higher than that of Xinmai 9 Zhoumai 23 genetic contribution rate (36.96%). Parents genetic material in Zhoumai 23 breeding occurred in the process of partial segregation phenomenon. At different genomic and chromosomal levels, the genetic contribution of parents to Zhoumai 23 varied greatly, and the genetic contribution rate of maternal weekly Zhoumai 23 to Zhoumai 23 was 23.1% (1B) -100% (4A , 6A, 3B, 4B, 6B and 4D). The genetic contribution of Pubei Xinmai 9 to Zhoumai 23 ranged from 0 (4A, 6A, 3B, 4B, 6B, 4D) to 76.9% (1B). Seven specific loci of Zhou Mai 23 were identified from 147 polymorphic markers, namely Xwmc344, Xbarc84, Xwmc326, Xwmc468, Xwmc479, Xgwm428 and Xcwm65. Through secondary screening, a specific primer Xcwm65 of Zhoumai 23 could be used to identify the specificity of wheat cultivars in Zhoumai 23 and Huanghuai wheat. It could also be used to distinguish partial sister lines of Zhoumai 23 (except A4 , A5 and A6) and most of its derivatives (except B7, B8 and B12). 【Conclusion】 The genetic contribution rate of two parents to Zhoumai 23 was determined. The genetic constitution of Zhoumai 23 was grasped and the genotype map was drawn. At the same time, a specific primer Xcwm65 of Zhoumai 23 was screened and used for Identify the authenticity of Zhou Mai 23.