论文部分内容阅读
科举制度的废除,不仅使原有的人才选拔制度为之中断,也使传统的社会运转体系和社会思维模式遭遇空前挑战。社会精英趋向多元,不再往国家流动,而是回落民间,国家与精英的关系在1905年后出现了疏离。新型知识分子的出现、士绅阶层的分化和政治参与多元化的加强,都在一定程度上冲击着原有的统治秩序和社会关系,并进而激起强烈的社会震荡。原本自我改良的清末新政,结果却愈改愈乱、愈革愈糟,不仅从内部加速了清制的终结,而且为辛亥革命的兴起和发展创造了条件。
The abolition of the imperial examination system not only interrupted the original talent selection system, but also challenged the traditional social operation system and social thinking model. The social elites tended to be pluralistic. They no longer flowed to the country, but returned to the non-state. The relationship between the state and the elite emerged alienated after 1905. The emergence of new-type intellectuals, the differentiation of the gentry class and the diversification of political participation have all impacted the original ruling order and social relations to a certain extent and in turn triggered a strong social turmoil. The new self-improvement policy at the end of the Qing Dynasty turned out to be even more chaotic and worsened. This not only accelerated the end of the liquidation internally but also created the conditions for the rise and development of the 1911 Revolution.