微观经济学通常假设每个人都追求自我利益的最大化,人人都是理性经济人。但是现实中人们充满了各种观念和情感,其行为也是多样的,比如公平观念就对人们的行为具有重大影响。纵观人类社会中的种种纷争,从体育比赛的裁判争议,到军队及学校里的荣誉争夺,以及企业员工的反对甚至投诉,我们最常听到的意见就是“这不公平!”对不公平或不平等的感受和强烈反应可以说是人人与生俱来的,无处不在。那么在面临决策时,人们会为了公平损害自己的利益吗? Microeconomics generally assumes that everyone pursues the maximization of self-interest, and that everyone is a rational economist. However, in reality, people are full of all kinds of ideas and emotions, and their behavior is diverse. For example, the concept of fairness has a significant impact on people’s behavior. Throughout the various disputes in human society, from the controversy in the refereeing of sporting events to the scramble for honor in the military and in schools, as well as in the opposition of employees and even in complaints, the most common opinion we hear is that “this is not fair!” Inequitous or unequal feelings and strong reactions can be said to be inherent to everyone and ubiquitous. So in the face of decision-making, people will be fair to harm their own interests?