一、前言随着农业生产的发展和消费水平的提高,粮食流通量不断增加,粮食储运工作日趋繁重。为解决这一矛盾,目前世界上一些工业发达的国家,已广泛采用粮食散装运输方法提高运力,在运输工具、装卸设备、仓库、机械化方面,已达到较高的水平。远洋运输粮船已由1.5万吨级发展到10万吨级;铁路运输发展大载重快速装卸、液压操纵的自动化专用车辆; I. Introduction With the development of agricultural production and the improvement of the level of consumption, the circulation of grain has been constantly increasing, and the work of storing and transporting grain has become increasingly heavy. In order to solve this contradiction, at present, some industrialized countries in the world have widely adopted the bulk food transport method to increase their capacity and have reached a high level in terms of means of transport, handling equipment, storage and mechanization. Ocean transport grain ship has been developed from 15,000 tons to 100,000 tons; the development of railway rapid loading and unloading, hydraulic control of special vehicles for automation;