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美国法上动用征收权实现都市更新的前提条件是某块区域已经沦为“破败地区”。尽管各州州法规定不一,但基本上判断“破败地区”均需要考虑物理破败因素与经济破败因素。对于物理破败因素,存在大量有关健康风险、火灾、地质、规划风险的技术标准来控制裁量权,而对于经济破败因素,则是通过充分的地方民主审议过程来控制。涉及破败地区认定等都市更新事项中,司法均扮演了一个非常节制的角色,地方民主机制才是考量此类议题的最佳舞台。
The prerequisite for the U.S. law to exercise levying power for urban renewal is that a certain area has been reduced to a “ruined area.” Although the state laws and regulations vary from state to state, it is basically necessary to consider the factor of physical ruin and the factor of economic ruin in “ruined areas”. There are a large number of technical standards for health risks, fires, geology, and planning risks to control the discretionary power of the physical dilapidation factor, while the economic downturn is governed by a full local democratic deliberation process. Judicial plays a very restraining role in urban renewal issues such as the identification of dilapidated areas. Local democratic mechanisms are the best stage to consider such issues.