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西方发展经济学分析问题不涉及生产关系。与此不同，王亚南和郭大力在解放前的论著，就侧重从生产关系及其政治上层建筑分析中国经济问题，这标志着马克思主义发展经济学在中国的产生。他们论述了：历史发展阶段越低，克服自然条件的能力就越低，由不同自然条件制约的同质社会其形式就越不同，历史发展阶段越高则反是；与古典劳动奴隶制不同的东方家庭奴隶制，以及自秦开始的其特点为上地可以自由买卖、农民可以离开土地的地主封建制度，其形成与农村公社的存在和动摇有关，这种社会制度是不利于资本主义产生和发展的内因；外国资本主义的人侵，又多了一个外因；中国经济改造的前提是反对封建主义、帝国主义及其政治代表；中国经济建设不能走资本主义的自然道路。
Western development economics does not involve the analysis of production relations. In contrast, Wang Ya-nan and Guo Dali’s treatise on pre-liberation focuses on analyzing China’s economic problems from the relations of production and its political superstructure, which marks the emergence of Marxist development economics in China. They argue that the lower the stage of historical development, the lower its ability to overcome the natural conditions, the more homogeneous the forms of the homogeneous society controlled by different natural conditions are, and the higher the stage of historical development is, the less it is. Unlike classical labor slavery The oriental family slavery and its characteristics since the Qin Dynasty were land-feudal feudal systems on which the peasants could leave their land freely. The formation of the system was related to the existence and wavering of the rural communes, which were unfavorable to the emergence of capitalism and The internal cause of development; the invaders of foreign capitalism add another factor; the premise of China’s economic reform is opposition to feudalism, imperialism and its political representatives; China’s economic construction can not follow the natural path of capitalism.