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青海是以喜马拉雅旱獭为主要贮存宿主的鼠疫自然疫源地,该疫源地自1954年被判定以来,至1993年已发现30个县(市)、镇存在鼠疫疫源,分布于117个乡,疫点达647处。鼠疫动物病在80年代前流行相当猛烈,采取综合性防治措施后,1981年以后鼠疫动物病明显减弱,但仍波及23个县(市)、44个乡。现将1981—1993年青海鼠疫态势及防治对策阐述如下。 一、青海省鼠疫自然疫源地基本概况 在青海鼠疫自然疫源地内,经多年调查,主要贮存宿主为喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota hy-malayana)。在旱獭鼠疫流行猛烈时,有一些小型啮齿动物和食肉目、偶蹄目动物介入并参与流行,用细菌学证实全省共发现13种染疫动物。除喜马拉雅旱獭作为主要的染疫动物(占96.35％)外,在小家鼠(Mus musculus),根田鼠(Microtus oeconomus)、五趾跳鼠(Allactagasibirica)、达乌尔鼠兔(Ochotona daurica)、狗(Canis familiaris)、赤狐(Vulpes vulpes)、猞猁(Lynx lynx)、艾鼬(Mustela eversmanni)、猫(Felis)、獾(Meles meles)、藏系绵羊(Ovis
Qinghai is a natural foci of plague originating from the Himalayan marmot as its main storage host. Since the epidemic was decided in 1954, by 1993, 30 counties (cities) and plague origin were found in the town, distributing in 117 townships Outbreaks reached 647. Plague animal disease prevailed quite intensely before the 1980s. After comprehensive prevention and control measures were taken, animal disease in the plague area obviously weakened after 1981, but still spread to 23 counties (cities) and 44 townships. Now 1981-1993 situation and prevention and treatment of plague in Qinghai described below. I. Basic Situation of Plague Natural Foci in Qinghai Province In the plague natural foci of Qinghai, after years of investigation, the main storage host is the Marmota hy-malayana. In the marmota plague epidemic, there are some small rodents and carnivorous, cloven-hoofed animals involved and involved in the epidemic, with bacteriological confirmed that the province found a total of 13 kinds of infected animals. In addition to the Himalayan marmot as the main infected animals (96.35%), the Mus musculus, Microtus oeconomus, Allactagasibirica, Ochotona daurica, Canis familiaris, Vulpes vulpes, Lynx lynx, Mustela eversmanni, Felis, Meles meles, Ovis