血尿是一常见的临床症状。如血尿同时伴有蛋白尿、管型尿或临床上出现水肿、高血压等症状则比较容易明确其病因,如为无症状性血尿,确诊则比较困难。因此过去无症状性血尿病人需要常规进行一整套泌尿科检查,如静脉紧盂造影、膀胱镜检查等。但Birch报告镜下血尿的50～75%虽经上述检查,仍不能明确诊断。晚近不少学者认为首先识别尿内 Hematuria is a common clinical symptom. Such as hematuria accompanied by proteinuria, tubular urine or clinical edema, hypertension and other symptoms are more likely to clear the cause, such as asymptomatic hematuria, the diagnosis is more difficult. Therefore, the past asymptomatic hematuria patients need to routinely carry out a complete set of urological tests, such as venous pyelography, cystoscopy and so on. However, Birch report microscopic hematuria 50 ~ 75% despite the above examination, still can not confirm the diagnosis. Recently, many scholars believe that the first identification of urine