目的探讨限制性过度通气（ＨＶ）治疗小儿急性脑水肿与颅内高压症的效果。方法对常规治疗效果不佳的脑水肿与颅内高压症患儿３８例加用ＨＶ治疗。结果ＨＶ治疗后患儿颅内压（ＩＣＰ）较治疗前明显下降（Ｐ＜００１）；病死率（１４７０％），较无ＨＶ治疗（１９６６％）减低；患儿意识障碍恢复快，２１例于４８小时内意识转清。结论ＨＶ治疗对顽固性脑水肿与颅内高压症有明显疗效，值得临床推广应用。 Objective To investigate the effect of restrictive hyperventilation (HV) on children with acute cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension. Methods Thirty-eight children with cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension who had poor curative effect were treated with HV. Results The intracranial pressure (ICP) in children after HV treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (P <001); the mortality rate (1470%) was lower than that without HV treatment (1966%); children with unconsciousness Fast recovery, 21 cases within 48 hours consciousness clear. Conclusion HV treatment of intractable cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension have significant effect, it is worthy of clinical application.