一、比较宪法的价值观与方法论以实证的方法研究宪法的意识形态趋势,首先是宪法学研究在方法论上的进步。由于宪法和政治权力配置之间的密切关系,长期以来,宪法研究是比较偏重规范分析的。这里的规范分析并非文本分析。实际上,规范分析是预设了价值前提,以价值前提为基础来评判宪法的真伪。在此方面,最有代表性的比较宪法研究就是Karl Loewenstein所做的规范宪法、名义宪法和语义宪法之分。作为一位政治学家,Loewenstein明显地倾向于自由民主体制。在其比较宪法研究中,宪法本身就应体现自由民主价值。如果既规定自由民主又能够践行,就是规范宪法,否则,就可能是伪装的语义宪法或跟风式 First, compare the constitutional values ​​and methodology Empirical methods to study the ideological trend of the constitution, the first is the constitutional science research methodology advances. Due to the close relationship between the constitution and the allocation of political power, constitutional research has long focused on normative analysis. The normative analysis here is not textual analysis. In fact, the normative analysis presupposes the premise of value, and judges the authenticity of the constitution based on the value premise. In this respect, the most representative and comparative constitutional study is that of the normative, nominal and semantic constitutions of Karl Loewenstein. As a political scientist, Loewenstein obviously favors a liberal democracy. In its comparative constitutional study, the constitution itself should embody the value of freedom and democracy. If we stipulate that freedom and democracy can be practiced, we should standardize the constitution, otherwise we may pretend to be a semantic constitution or follow the trend