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利用长期定位试验(1999~2007年),在豫西旱区坡度为8°的黄土坡耕地上,研究了免耕覆盖、深松覆盖和传统耕作不同耕作措施对降水产流、土壤水分入渗及分配的影响。结果表明:(1)免耕覆盖和深松覆盖延迟产流时间,缩短降水结束后径流持续时间,径流系数较传统耕作分别减少了97.49%和81.20%,径流量和土壤侵蚀量减少80%以上。免耕覆盖水土保持效果最好,在降雨强度为123 mm/h、历时40 min产生微弱水土流失。(2)传统耕作的土壤水分入渗速率初始最大,随后急剧下降,至4 min降至最低。在3~60 min入渗速率稳定过程,免耕覆盖和深松覆盖平均入渗速率相同,为0.07 mm/s,是传统耕作的1.40倍。免耕覆盖土壤水分入渗速率变化比较平缓,稳定入渗速率最大。(3)在土壤初始含水量较高、降水(74.2 mm)结束1 h后,2种保护性耕作水分下渗的土层深度比传统耕作的高出30~40 cm,160 cm土体降水的贮蓄量增量是传统耕作的2倍多。
Using long-term experiment (1999-2007), the effects of no-tillage, subsoiling and tillage with different tillage practices on the runoff and runoff, soil water infiltration on loess slopes with a slope of 8 ° in the arid region of western Henan were studied. And the impact of distribution. The results showed that: (1) No-tillage and subsoiling covered delayed flow time and shortened the duration of runoff after runoff. The runoff coefficient decreased by 97.49% and 81.20% respectively compared with conventional tillage, and the runoff and soil erosion decreased by more than 80% . The no-tillage covered soil and water conservation effect was the best, and the soil and water loss was 40 minutes after rainfall intensity was 123 mm / h. (2) The soil infiltration rate of the traditional tillage was initially at a maximum, then dropped sharply to a minimum within 4 min. During the 3 ~ 60 min infiltration rate stability, the average infiltration rates of no-till and deep subsidence were the same, being 0.07 mm / s, which was 1.40 times of that of conventional farming. Soil moisture infiltration rate of no-tillage covered relatively gentle changes, the maximum steady infiltration rate. (3) After the initial soil water content was high and the rainfall ended at 74.2 mm (1 h), the soil depths of two kinds of protective tillage infiltration were 30-40 cm higher than those of conventional tillage, and the precipitation of 160 cm soil The amount of savings is more than double that of traditional farming.