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为测试前轴的疲劳寿命,采用台架试验装置对某型号汽车前轴进行了试验,仅运行19.9万次就发生断裂。通过对断口的观察分析、断口部位的金相分析、硬度检测等方式,确定了前轴的失效模式,并对其断裂失效原因进行了分析。研究结果表明:汽车前轴的断裂性质为疲劳断裂,裂纹源起源于锻件飞边表面,该处存在较明显的沟槽;锻件表面的加工沟槽形成的附加应力集中是造成前轴疲劳断裂的主要原因;加工沟槽可能由于切边模的磨损而产生,因此切边模刃口需及时修整。
In order to test the fatigue life of the front axle, a test device was used to test the front axle of a certain type of vehicle. Breaking occurred only after 199,000 operations. Through the observation and analysis of the fracture, the metallographic analysis of the fracture site and the hardness detection, the failure mode of the front axle is determined and the failure reason of the fracture is analyzed. The results show that the fracture of the automobile front axle is fatigue fracture, the source of the crack originates from the surface of the forging, and the obvious groove exists. The additional stress concentration of the machining groove on the surface of the forging causes the fatigue fracture of the front axle The main reason; processing groove may be due to trimming die wear and tear, so trimming die edge to be timely repaired.