论文部分内容阅读
天然气水合物是一种由甲烷、乙烷、CO2、SO2等小分子进入到水分子所形成的笼型结构而构成的一种化学晶体物质,其中储存着大量的天然气,1m3天然气水合物在标准状况下分解能够释放出180m3天然气。当今水合物藏的开采方法主要有三种:注热法、注化学剂法、降压法。然而,实际操作起来存在着众多的困难,如效果差、不经济,所以水合物的商业开采一直难以进行。本文介绍了一种新的水合物开采方法,使用一种微带天线,它放置在井筒中,用电线连接,可发射频率高达2450MHz的微波,在如此高能下,能够将水合物融化,变为水和甲烷基物质(这是一种类似于冰的物质),这样能够打破水合物热力学平衡状态,然后注入氟气,使甲烷基物质与注入的氟气发生反应(卤化反应),这是一个强放热反应,(-431kJ/mol),放出的热进一步促进了该卤化反应的进行,卤化反应所生成的产物甲基氟在水中的溶解度很大,可达到166cm3/100mL水,形成一种高含甲基氟的浓缩溶液,该浓缩液通过生产井被抽到地面,然后通过维尔茨反应、电解作用、裂解作用等一系列的步骤得到甲烷气体。使用该技术的主要优点是微波作用具有选择性,对于某些材料比较强,有些比较弱。能量的吸收主要取决于微波频率、样品组成、温度这几个因素。并且,氟气在自然界中含量丰富(0.00054),而且甲基氟比较环保。在该技术中,降低了流体和水合物的压力,水合物处在相平衡点之下,可达到分解的目的。因为在地层中并无多余的热量来提供水合物分解,所以分解的热量必须从周围环境中获得。
Natural gas hydrate is a kind of chemical crystal substance formed by the cage structure formed by the small molecules such as methane, ethane, CO2, SO2 and so on into the water molecules, in which a large amount of natural gas is stored, and 1 m3 of natural gas hydrate is stored in the standard Under the condition of decomposition can release 180m3 natural gas. Today’s hydrate reservoir mining methods are mainly three kinds: heat method, injection chemical agent method, blood pressure method. However, there are many difficulties in practical operation, such as ineffectiveness and uneconomicalness, so commercial exploitation of hydrates has been difficult. This article describes a new hydrate mining method using a microstrip antenna that is placed in the wellbore and wired up to emit microwaves at frequencies up to 2450 MHz, at which energy hydrates can melt and become Water and methane-based substances (which are ice-like substances) that break the thermodynamic equilibrium of hydrates and then inject fluorine gas to react the methane-based substance with the injected fluorine gas (halogenation reaction), which is a Strong exothermic reaction, (- 431kJ / mol), released heat to further promote the progress of the halogenation reaction, the product of the halogenation reaction of methyl fluoride in water solubility is very large, up to 166cm3 / 100mL water to form a High concentration of methyl fluoride solution, the concentrate is pumped through the production well to the ground, and then through the Wirtz reaction, electrolysis, cracking and a series of steps to get methane gas. The main advantage of using this technique is that the microwave action is selective, somewhat stronger for some materials, and somewhat weaker. Energy absorption depends mainly on the microwave frequency, sample composition, temperature, several factors. In addition, fluorine gas is abundant in nature (0.00054), and methyl fluoride is more environmentally friendly. In this technique, the pressure of the fluid and hydrate is reduced and the hydrate is below the phase equilibrium to achieve the purpose of decomposition. Because there is no excess heat in the formation to provide hydrate decomposition, the heat of decomposition must be obtained from the surroundings.