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AIM: To investigate the effects of bombesin (BBS) and neurotensin (NTS) on apoptosis and colitis in an ulcerative colitis model. METHODS: In this study, a total of 50 rats were divided equally into 5 groups. In the control group, no colitis induction or drug administration was performed. Colitis was induced in all other groups. Following the induction of colitis, BBS, NTS or both were applied to three groups of rats. The remaining group (colitis group) received no treatment. On the 11th d after induction of colitis and drug treatment, blood samples were collected for TNF-α and IL-6 level studies. Malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and caspase-3 activities, as well as histopathological findings, evaluated in colonic tissues. RESULTS: According to the macroscopic and microscopic findings, the study groups treated with BBS,NTS and BBS+NTS showed significantly lower damage and inflammation compared with the colitis group (macroscopic score,2.1±0.87,3.7±0.94 and 2.1±0.87 vs 7.3 ± 0.94; microscopic score,2.0 ±0.66,3.3±0.82 and 1.8±0.63 vs 5.2±0.78,P＜0.01＝.TNF-αand IL-6 levels were increased significantly in all groups compared with the control group. These increases were significantly smaller in the BBS,NTS and BBS+NTS groups compared with the colitis group (TNF-α levels,169.69±53.56,245.86±64.85 and 175.54 4±42.19vs 556.44±49.82; IL-6 levels,443.30±53.99,612.80±70.39 and 396.80±78.43 vs 1505.90±222.23,P＜0.05＝.The colonic MPO and MDA levels were significantly lower in control, BBS, NTS and BBS+NTS groups than in the colitis group (MPO levels,24.36±8.10,40.51±8.67 and 25.83±6.43 vs 161.47±38.24; MDA levels,4.70±1.41,6.55±1.12 and 4.51±0.54 vs15.60±1.88,P＜0.05＝.Carbonyl content and caspase-3 levels were higher in the colitis and NTS groups than in control, BBS and BBS+NTS groups (carbonyl levels,553.99±59.58and 336.26±35.72 vs 209.76±30.92,219.76±25.77and 220.34 36.95; caspase-3 levels,451.70±68.27and 216.20±28.17 vs 28.60±6.46,170.50±32.37and 166.50±30.95,P＜0.05＝.CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest BBS and NTS, through their anti-inflammatory actions, support the maintenance of colonic integrity and merit consideration as potential agents for ameliorating colonic inflammation.