现代化是包括社会各方面共同发展的复杂的系统工程。其中，精神文明能否与物质文明同步发展、相互作用是现代化能否较快成功的重要因素。中国现代化历程的每一步都伴随着和封建的传统思想文化的斗争和中西文化的冲突。一方面，思想文化的变革对资本主义发展起很大促进作用；另一方面，由于变革不深刻或不成功，又对资本主义发展起了诸多阻碍作用。总之，近代中国的现代化始终未能形成物质文明与精神文明相互协调发展的社会进步机制。精神文明滞后，其主要原因，一是变革的主体条件不成熟，二是变革的方式方法不当以至失误 Modernization is a complicated systematic project that involves the common development of all sectors of society. Among them, the spiritual civilization can materialize with the simultaneous development of civilization, interaction is an important factor in the success of modernization more quickly. Each step of China’s modernization process is accompanied by the struggle against the feudal traditional ideology and culture and between Chinese and Western cultures. On the one hand, the ideological and cultural changes have played a significant role in promoting the development of capitalism. On the other hand, the lack of profound or unsuccessful reforms has also hindered the development of capitalism. In short, the modernization of modern China has failed to form a social progress mechanism in which material civilization and spiritual civilization are coordinated with each other. The main reasons for the lag in spiritual civilization are the immaturity of the main conditions of change and the improper and even incorrect methods of change