印度对华建交之初实行两面政策,使中国在争取友好时便预有警惕。西藏叛乱发生后,中国对印度的反华浪潮适当反驳却力避军事冲突。针对印度武力改变边界现状,中国采取反击,随后迅速撤回以求得缓和。中苏两国由友好转入严重对立,历史遗留的边界问题便激化起来。“文化大革命”期间边界棍棒武斗冲突演变成边界战斗。中苏边界军事对峙处于危机关头,虽实行了和缓措施,两国却陷入长期临战状态。历史证明:在承认实际控制线的基础上以谈判划界的方针是解决边界问题的正确途径;对危机的处理应由经验决策转为建立有效的机制;应肯定解放后控制危机升级的成功,同时也要从中总结经验教训。 India adopted a two-pronged policy at the beginning of establishing diplomatic ties with China, so that China will exercise vigilance when seeking friendship. After the Tibet rebellion, China appropriately refuted the Indian anti-China tide but avoided the military conflict. In response to changes in the status quo of the Indian border by armed forces, China took a counterattack and then quickly withdrawn for relief. China and the Soviet Union have shifted from friendly relations to serious antagonism and the boundary issues left over from history have been intensified. Boundary battles and clashes evolved into border battles during the “Cultural Revolution.” The Sino-Soviet border military confrontation is at a critical juncture. Although the implementation of the easing measures has brought the two countries into a long-term warlike state. Historical evidence shows that the principle of negotiating and demarcating on the basis of recognizing the actual control line is the correct way to solve the boundary issue. The handling of the crisis should be shifted from experience-based decision-making to the establishment of an effective mechanism. After the liberation, the success of the crisis escalation should be controlled. At the same time, we must also sum up experiences and lessons.