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运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,分析了定量和定性研究各自的原理和不足。其中,定量研究崇尚工具理性,一般采用统计技术,考察体育现象量的规律性,从而把握体育现象的性质,其主要的不足包括:忽视了体育现象的特殊性、人文性不足、研究结果可能失真、研究价值比较有限;定性研究是一种探索性研究,崇尚价值理性,一般采用自然主义态度,追求对体育现象的潜在的理由和动机的质的理解,其主要的不足包括:易导致相对主义、研究效度不高、研究结果难以检验。结果表明体育学的定量研究和定性研究之间具有整合的可行性和必要性,应该打破研究范式的二元对立,走向相互整合的研究范式,实现体育学研究方法论的突破。文章提出了应然形态的6种具体整合方法。
Using the methods of literature review and logic analysis, this paper analyzes the respective principles and deficiencies of quantitative and qualitative research. Among them, the quantitative research advocates the instrumental rationality, and generally adopts statistical techniques to examine the regularity of the quantity of sports phenomena, so as to grasp the nature of the sports phenomenon. The main problems include: ignoring the particularity of sports phenomena, lacking of humanity and possible distortion of the results , The research value is relatively limited. Qualitative research is an exploratory study, advocating value rationality, generally adopting the naturalistic attitude, and pursuing a qualitative understanding of the potential causes and motives of sports phenomena. The main problems include: easy to cause relativism , The research validity is not high, the research result is hard to test. The results show that there is a feasibility and necessity of the integration between quantitative research and qualitative research in physical education. It is necessary to break the binary opposition of research paradigm and move towards the research paradigm of mutual integration so as to achieve a breakthrough in methodology research of physical education. The article puts forward six kinds of specific integration methods that should be expected.