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在法律科学的任何一个领域中,几乎都存在着理念和现实的差异和偏离。甚至可以说,这种差异是必然存在且不可避免的。然而,在日本,刑事诉讼法的现实运用与立法基本精神之间的差距和背离程度却远较其他法律为多,以致日本著名学者平野龙一教授悲观地感叹日本的刑事诉讼已经濒临“绝望的”境地①。为什么会出现这种现象?刑事诉讼法的理念与现实之间的差异又意味着什么?要回答这些问题还应从日本现行刑事诉讼法的立法背景谈起。
In almost every field of legal science, there are almost differences and deviations between ideas and reality. Can even say that this difference is inevitable and inevitable. However, in Japan, the difference and divergence between the actual application of criminal procedure law and the basic spirit of the legislature are far more than those of other laws. As a result, Professor Ping Hiraya, a famous Japanese scholar, laments pessimistically that Japan’s criminal proceedings are on the verge of “desperation ”Situation ①. Why does this happen? What does the difference between the concept and the reality of the criminal procedure law mean? To answer these questions, we should also talk about the legislative background of Japan’s existing criminal procedure law.