近年来,多种亚型(例如H1N1、H5N1及H7N9)流感病毒的世界范围内流行造成大量人群及牲畜的感染以及死亡。流感病毒感染宿主呼吸道内的多种细胞类型,如纤毛表皮细胞,I型与II型肺泡细胞以及各类免疫细胞。免疫细胞介导的吞噬与杀伤是清除流感病毒感染的重要方式之一,其中,天然免疫系统与适应性免疫系统均参与了这一过程。 In recent years, worldwide epidemics of various subtypes (eg, H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9) influenza viruses have caused large numbers of human and livestock infections and deaths. Influenza viruses infect many cell types in the host’s respiratory tract, such as ciliated epidermal cells, type I and type II alveolar cells, and various types of immune cells. Immune cell-mediated phagocytosis and killing are one of the important ways to eliminate influenza virus infection, in which the natural immune system and the adaptive immune system are involved in this process.