2001年以来,中国对县镇以下的中小学进行了较大规模的撤并,究其原因,主要有:人口出生率下降,学龄儿童数减少;城镇化快速发展,城镇入学需求增加,农村教育发展步子减缓;教育投入长期偏低,农村办学经费严重匮乏;农村中小学师资力量薄弱,办学条件差,城乡教育差距拉大。这一轮布局调整历时10多年,对于改进教育质量、优化教师配置、提高教育效益等具有明显的效果,但也存在不少问题。近年来,国家不断出台专项治理政策,要求各地有计划地组织实施,加大经费投入,加强校车监管,划拨专项经费改善和增加学生营养,方便学生就近入学。但一些问题依然存在,各地还应积极应对、妥善处理。 Since 2001, China has conducted large-scale mergers and acquisitions of primary and secondary schools below the county level. The reasons for this include: a decrease in the birth rate and a decrease in the number of school-age children; rapid urbanization, increased demand for urban enrollment, and rural education development Slowed down the pace of education; long-term low investment in education, lack of funds for running a school in rural areas; rural primary and secondary school teachers are weak, poor school conditions, widening the gap between urban and rural education. This round of restructuring has lasted for more than 10 years and has obvious effects on improving the quality of education, optimizing the allocation of teachers and improving the effectiveness of education. However, there are still many problems. In recent years, the state has continuously introduced special governance policies, requiring all localities to organize the implementation in a planned way, increasing funding, strengthening the supervision of school buses, allocating special funds to improve and increase student nutrition so as to facilitate students’ admission to nearby schools. However, some problems still exist. All localities should also actively respond to them and properly handle them.