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目的了解厦门环境禽流感病毒分布情况及职业暴露人群高致病性禽流感病毒感染情况。方法采用实时RT-PCR对环境标本进行禽流感病毒核酸检测;采用血凝抑制试验对职业暴露人群血清标本进行H5N1抗体检测,2014年增加H7N9抗体检测。结果环境标本A型流感病毒阳性率为40.08%,各病原阳性率由高到低依次为H9(33.97%)、H7(5.22%)、H5(3.82%)。25家城乡活禽市场,H9阳性24家,H7阳性15家,H5阳性11家;6处家禽散养户集中的地区,H9和H5阳性各1处;4家家禽规模养殖场(户)均无阳性。H9阳性率以12月-次年1月最高。5种类型标本阳性率由高到低依次为宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面的擦拭标本(50.00%)、禽类饮水(44.88%)、清洗禽类的污水(44.44%)、笼具表面擦拭标本(44.38%)、粪便(34.27%)。574份职业暴露人群血清H5N1、H7N9抗体均阴性。结论厦门市城乡活禽市场存在H9、H7、H5;家禽散养户集中的地区仅个别地区个别时间存在H9和H5;家禽规模养殖场(户)未发现禽流感病毒。职业暴露人群未发现H5N1和H7N9感染。
Objective To understand the distribution of avian influenza virus in Xiamen and the HPAI infection in occupationally exposed population. Methods Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the avian influenza virus nucleic acid in environmental samples. H5N1 antibody was detected in serum samples of occupationally exposed individuals by hemagglutination inhibition test. H7N9 antibody was detected in 2014. Results The positive rate of influenza A virus in environmental samples was 40.08%. The positive rates of H9 (33.97%), H7 (5.22%) and H5 (3.82%) were high to low. There were 24 H9 positive, 15 H7 positive and 11 H5 positive in 25 urban and rural live poultry markets; 1 were H9 and H5 positive in 6 poultry settlement households; 4 poultry scale farms No positive. H9 positive rate in December - the highest in January next year. The positive rates of the five types of specimens from high to low were swabbed specimens (50.00%), poultry drinking water (44.88%), bird washing water (44.44%), surface wiping specimens 44.38%), feces (34.27%). Serum H5N1 and H7N9 antibodies in 574 occupational exposure groups were all negative. Conclusions There are H9, H7 and H5 live poultry markets in urban and rural areas of Xiamen City. H9 and H5 exist in some areas only in some areas where poultry are concentrated. No bird flu virus is found in poultry scale farms (households). H5N1 and H7N9 infections were not found in the occupationally exposed population.