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目的了解广州哈尔滨两市中小学生对书包的使用情况,提出学生对书包选择及使用的建议。方法随机抽取广州市和哈尔滨市5所学校的部分中小学生及其家长为研究对象,进行问卷调查,并对部分学生书包的重量和尺寸以及书包内容物的重量进行现场测量。结果哈尔滨市和广州市学生背负书包平均重量分别为(4.10±1.57)kg和(4.73±1.66)kg,广州市高于哈尔滨市(t=-3.829,P<0.01);随着年级的升高两市学生书包的重量越来越重(F值分别为43.458,44.415,P值均<0.01)。哈尔滨市和广州市学生背负书包的重量体重比大于10%的较多,分别占56.6%和76.6%;调查的613位家长学生中有331位家长认为孩子书包过重,150位家长认为书包尺寸不合适。两地学生在使用书包时产生许多不适的感觉,尤其以书包重(哈尔滨市为20.5%,广州市为43.6%)、感觉累(哈尔滨市为30.1%,广州市为54.1%)、肩膀酸痛(哈尔滨市为32.3%,广州市为40.5%)居多。相比无护脊书包,有护脊书包可以分散书包的重量,降低身体前倾几率,有利于学生身体发育。结论学生对书包的使用存在广泛的不合理性,应引起卫生、教育部门以及老师和家长的高度重视。
Objective To understand the use of schoolbags by primary and secondary school students in Harbin and Guangzhou, and to put forward suggestions on the choice and use of schoolbags by students. Methods Some primary and middle school students and their parents in 5 schools in Guangzhou and Harbin were randomly selected as the research subjects. Questionnaires were carried out. The weight and size of some schoolbags and the weight of bag contents were measured on site. Results The average bag weights of students carrying Harbin and Guangzhou were (4.10 ± 1.57) kg and (4.73 ± 1.66) kg, respectively, higher in Guangzhou than in Harbin (t = -3.829, P <0.01) The weight of students in both cities increased more and more (F = 43.458 and 44.415 respectively, P <0.01). Harbin and Guangzhou students carried more than 10% weight-to-weight ratio of school bags, accounting for 56.6% and 76.6% respectively; 331 of the 613 parents surveyed thought their children were overweight and 150 felt that the size of the bag Not suitable. Students in both places had a lot of discomfort when using school bags, especially in schoolbags (20.5% in Harbin and 43.6% in Guangzhou), feeling tired (30.1% in Harbin and 54.1% in Guangzhou), shoulder pain 32.3% in Harbin and 40.5% in Guangzhou). Compared with non-retaining spine bag, a spine bag can disperse the weight of the bag, reduce the chance of body anteversion, is conducive to the physical development of students. Conclusions Students’ use of school bags is widely irrational and should attract great attention of the health and education departments, teachers and parents.