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微栓子监测技术(Microemboli monitoring technology,MMT)是20世纪90年代发展起来的一项新技术。1990年,Spencer等定义了微栓子信号(Micro embolus signal,MES)。1992年,Russell等明确提出了微栓子监测的概念,并结合实验数据,对微栓子的监测进行了初步总结。1995年,第九届国际脑血流动力学会议确定了MES的判断标准。近年来,微栓子监测技术已经广泛应用于心脏、血管外科和神经科领域,并取得了一些进展。目前,不仅在理论上证实了应用TCD技术监测微栓子的可行性,而且大量的临床观察表明这项技术可以为研究缺血性脑血管病的发生机制、治疗效果、预后判断及疾病预防提供客观的依据。本文将对下述问题进行综述:微栓子监测在缺血性脑血管病研究中的应用(颈源性、颅内动脉源性、心源性、其他病因所导致的缺血性脑血管病);微栓子监测对缺血性脑血管病药物治疗疗效的评估;微栓子监测对卒中复发的预计;以及微栓子监测对临床缺血性脑血管病溶栓治疗的监测。综述近年来微栓子监测在临床缺血性脑血管病诊治预防中取得的新进展、面临的问题以及新的发展。
Microemboli monitoring technology (MMT) is a new technology developed in the 1990s. In 1990, Spencer et al. Defined Micro embolus signal (MES). In 1992, Russell et al unequivocally proposed the concept of micro-embolism monitoring, and initially summarized the monitoring of micro-embolus in combination with the experimental data. In 1995, the Ninth International Conference on Cerebral Hemodynamics established the criteria for MES. In recent years, micro-embolic monitoring technology has been widely used in the field of heart, vascular surgery and neurology, and made some progress. At present, not only the feasibility of using TCD to monitor micro-emboli has been confirmed theoretically, but also a large number of clinical observations show that this technology can provide a mechanism for studying the pathogenesis of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, therapeutic effect, prognosis and disease prevention Objective basis. This article reviews the following issues: The use of microemboli monitoring in the study of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (cervical, intracranial, cardiogenic, other causes of ischemic cerebrovascular disease ); Assessment of the therapeutic effect of microemboli for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease; predictions of microemboli monitoring for stroke recurrence; and monitoring of thrombolytic therapy for clinical ischemic cerebrovascular disease with microemboli monitoring. This review summarizes the recent advances, problems and new developments in the prevention and treatment of clinical ischemic cerebrovascular disease by using microemboli monitoring.