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通过在河南省温县(2013~2014年)和西华县(2014~2015年)小麦、玉米2季作物的试验,研究粉垄耕作对作物产量、土壤养分(碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质)含量的影响,并分析耕作措施与作物生产、养分吸收的关系,为作物高产和施肥管理提借鉴。小麦播种季,设旋耕(12~16 cm,CK),粉垄耕作(FL1:20~30 cm,FL2:30~40 cm)3个处理,夏玉米在小麦收获后贴茬播种,其它一切农事操作均保持一致。结果表明,FL1、FL2处理小麦当季平均增产幅度分别为18.5%、23.5%,FL2>FL1;玉米季,FL1、FL2处理的平均增产幅度分别为10.4%、5.8%。土壤养分方面,与CK相比,FL1、FL2处理能够增加小麦成熟期潮土土壤速效钾含量,平均增加74.49 mg kg~(-1),显著降低土壤碱解氮、有效磷、有机质含量,降低玉米季土壤耕层速效养分含量。FL1、FL2处理显著增加砂姜黑土土壤有效磷含量,平均高2.2 mg kg~(-1),降低土壤碱解氮、速效钾含量,分别平均降低7.54 mg kg~(-1)、13.38 mg kg~(-1)。小麦季,FL1、FL2处理的氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力均显著高于CK,比CK高出5~19个单位;玉米季,偏生产力比CK高出3~15个单位。说明在养分投入、农事操作等保持一致的条件下,粉垄耕作(FL1,FL2)能够增加小麦、玉米两季作物产量,促进作物对养分的吸收,特别是氮的吸收。此外,适当增加耕作层的厚度更有助于当季小麦产量的提高。
Through the experiment of wheat and maize 2 seasons in Wenxian (2013 ~ 2014) and Xihua (2014 ~ 2015) in Henan Province, the effects of powder tillage on crop yield, soil nutrient (available nitrogen, available phosphorus, Potassium, organic matter) content, and analyzed the relationship between tillage measures and crop production and nutrient uptake, which could provide reference for crop high yield and fertilization management. During the wheat sowing season, three treatments of rotary tillage (12 ~ 16 cm CK) and ridge furrow cultivation (FL1: 20-30 cm, FL2: 30-40 cm) were conducted. Summer maize was planted and sowed after the wheat was harvested, and everything else Agricultural operations are the same. The results showed that the average yield increase of FL1 and FL2 treated wheat was 18.5% and 23.5%, respectively, and FL2> FL1. The average yield increase of corn, FL1 and FL2 was 10.4% and 5.8% respectively. Compared with CK, FL1 and FL2 treatments increased soil available K content in soil at maturity, with an average increase of 74.49 mg kg ~ (-1), significantly reducing soil available N, available P, and organic matter content Available Nutrient Content in Tillage of Corn Season. FL1 and FL2 significantly increased soil available phosphorus in Shajiang black soil with an average high of 2.2 mg kg -1 and decreased soil available nitrogen and available potassium with an average reduction of 7.54 mg kg -1 and 13.38 mg kg -1 ~ (-1). The partial productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in FL1 and FL2 were significantly higher than those in CK and 5 ~ 19 units higher than CK in wheat season, while the yield of maize was 3 ~ 15 units higher than CK. This shows that under the conditions of nutrient input and agricultural operation, flour and tillage (FL1 and FL2) can increase the yield of wheat and maize in two seasons and promote the absorption of nutrients, especially nitrogen. In addition, the appropriate increase in the thickness of the plow layer is more conducive to the increase of seasonal wheat production.